Evidence Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evidence Law - Essay Example In such cases, it is deemed that the confessions ceases to be reliable, and, as a result, may not tenable in a Court of Law. In such cases, what needs to be assessed is not what transported after the confessions was obtained, but what anteceded the confession, or in other words, the role of actions that led to the signing of the confessions by the defendants. "To justify the arrest, there had to be evidence that would lead a reasonable person to suspect that the arrestee had committed the offence." (What is a citizen's arrests 2007). In the interpretation of Section 76 (2) of the Act, it has been determined that where the prosecution wished to admit evidence in substantiation of their arguments, to establish complicity of the accused, the Courts, may disallow the said evidence to be used, if it has reasons to believe that this has been given under 'oppression' of the person, or by the occurrences of certain events or circumstances, which has rendered the evidence as unreliable. In such cases, it is for the prosecution to evidence that the evidences, true or otherwise was not obtained through "oppression' or other undesirable methods. (Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (Ch 60). 2007). It is further seen under Section 78, that the law also covers exclusion of 'unfair evidence' which states, that the Courts have discretionary powers to disallow evidence brought in by the prosecution as a basis of their argument, which, in the opinion of the Court, could have an "adverse effect" on the principles of fair trial for the accused. How However, this section needs to consider taking cognizance of the inclusion of evidence when rule of law specifically provides that it should be obeyed by the Court. (Statutes: Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (Ch 60): Part VIII - Evidence in Criminal proceeding: General Confession: In this case it is seen that proceedings were initiated against Mr. Harry Collingwood and Mr. Fred Vaughan after alleged possession of items that could because blasts were recovered from search of their premises. Although they maintained their innocence, they were denied services of lawyers, and were subjected to physical and mental degradation. A solicitor or appropriate adult must be permitted to consult a detainee's custody records as soon as practicable after their arrival at the station and at any other time which the person is detained. (Police and criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE). 2007). After this, they were forced to sign confessional statements accepting their complicity in the bomb blasts in Central London station. The evidences that could be used against Harry and Fred are: 1. the presence of incriminatory evidences in their premises 2. Their confessional statements forcibly made by Detective Inspector Lewis. There are various statutes which deal with the matter of explosive substances found in the possessions of residents of UK. Under the Explosive Substances Act 1883, if any explosive substances are found in the possession of a person, unless he can prove that its use was for 'lawful purposes' he could be sentenced to penal servitude for not less than 14 years, or imprisonment for 2 years. (Explosive Substances Act: 1883. 2007). In this case, if the substances were genuinely in the possession

‘Mater Card’ by American Policymakers Essay Example for Free

‘Mater Card’ by American Policymakers Essay To what extent was the atomic bomb used as a diplomatic ‘mater card’ by American policymakers at the end of the Second World War? In 1945, the unconditional surrender of German symbolized the victory of the war against Fascism in Europe. However, the situation in Far East was still extremely intention. In the 7th July of the same year, the leaders of American, Great Britain and Soviet Union - Truman, Churchill and Stalin held the third conference during the wartime in Potsdam. During the conference, the Potsdam Declaration was proposed in order to urge Japan to accept the requirement of unconditional surrender. Nevertheless, the leader of Japan ignored the declaration and refused to surrender. As a result, the America dropped two atomic bombs to Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 6th and 9th in August 1945. The explosion of these two atomic bombs has brought enormous calamity to Japan. The bomb killed 140,000 inhabitants out of the total of 350,000 in Hiroshima, as well as 70,000 out of 270,000 people in Nagasaki. These huge numbers of death have largely led to the serious concern in the Japan to consider the surrender. In the 10th august, the Japan hand in the document of surrender. After 5 days, in 15th, the American accept the unconditional surrender proposed by Japan. If we looking back to the decision of dropping the atomic bomb, it is certainly an effective way in which it will promote the surrender of Japan in earlier time. However, it is not the only purpose of dropping the atomic bomb, in fact, as the lot of diplomatists have indicated, it is also a diplomatic strategy in dealing with the relationship with the Soviet Union. By using the atomic bomb, American will deter the Soviet Union and ensure American stand in a superior stage in deciding the world pattern in post-war period. To large extent, the atomic bomb is a ‘master card’ to contain Soviet Union rather than a tool to end the Second World War. It was certain that the Americans were willing to end the war as soon as possible by using atomic bombs. Both of America and Japan had paid high expense in the Pacific battlefield. Undoubtedly, to end the war would save a vast number of lives. Herbert Feis supplied evidence that one of the cogent reasons to use the atomic bomb was for military force, to push the war to end as soon as possible. It was until 15th August 1945, several days after the atomic booming event taken place, the empire of Japan declared  surrender. It was clear that the atomic bomb made influence on Japan’s surrender progress. However, as a matter of fact, the military power of Japan was disintegrated rapidly in 1945, meanwhile, allied nations had kept applying pressure to Japan. The defeat of Japan was for certain even without the bomb threatening. Thus, in other words, to large extent, the atomic bomb was not an instrument to end the Second World War. As the war against Fascism close to end in Europe, the Allies had concentrated their forces on Japan. Especially, in December1941, the attack on Pearl Harbor had significant blow on American people. In the speech after the big event, President Roosevelt asserted that ‘I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.’ Along with American’s entering the war, the trajectory of Japan began to decline. In the Midway Battle in 1942, it had cost Japan heavily by losing a mass of air and navy power. In addition, since 1944, the American navy had tightened the stranglehold towards Japan’s ships. In the late summer of the same year, the fail of Marianas Islands, including Saipan had pushed Japan to a severer condition. For the Marianas had been an important district as a defending perimeter, Japan was under the risk of within the range of B-29 bombings. The situation was moved rapidly, thus, the defense perimeter was broken and American forces had destroyed the navy and air force. By 1945, Japan was not able to declare large scaled air and sea battles. George, the commander of the Air Forces stated that Japan could do nothing without the support of sea and air power. Indeed, with America’s enormous industrial capacity, Japan was no longer a menace to America. This was why Henry, who was commanding Army Air forces said that the position of Japan was hopeless before the bomb fell for they had lose their air control. However, the worse was that a naval blockade strangled the key approach for Japan to import oil and other raw material. Japan could hardly to produce war materials, even the food. Without these essential supplements, Japan was indeed collapsed. Truman had written in his diary that ‘I have to decide Japanese strategy, shall we invade Japan proper or shall we bomb and blockade.’ In the eyes of American, the Japanese had to be obedient to American’s order. On the other hand, the invasion of Soviet Union had make a  key influence on Japan’s capitulate. With the victory of Stalingrad, the attitude of Soviet Union began to transfer. Even in the Yalta conference, Stalin promised that Soviet Union would attack Japan after the defeat of German. Ignoring the neutrality pact, the Operation August Storm was launched in the summer of 1945. The Soviet Union started an attack on Japanese position in the area of Korea and Manchuria. During the two weeks’ wartime, Japan has lost 84,000 lives. The Soviet Union’s invasion made it hopeless for Japan to search help from Stalin to end the war peaceful. The Navy Chief Toyoda argued that, ‘I believe that the Russian participation in the war against Japan rather than the atom bombs did more to hasten the surrender.’ With the enormous of lose of military force; there was no ability for Japan to procrastinate surrender. In sum, the shortage of military force and the pressure from all the alliance nations made Japan a country around by various crises. Many experts are convinced that the bombs are almost unnecessary to end the war, for the surrender of Japan would be probably occur in any of events. In other words, the atomic bomb was not a conclusive factor to end the war. The atomic bomb, which was the most appalling weapon created in the 20 century, had played an important role for certain. Instead of ending the war, many experts had asserted that to large extent, the atomic bomb policy was used to contain the Soviet Union. As a matter of fact, American had paid most attention to concern Soviet Union as a factor in the early progress of the bomb. Some scholars had the argument that there was never any illusion but Russia was the enemy of American. The president Roosevelt had also share the similar argument that the development of atomic strategy was a part of general diplomacy, which link the wartime situation and postwar affairs. Roosevelt also agreed with Churchill the opinion of using atomic bomb as an approach to bargain with the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, the compromising policy of Roosevelt would not promote the atomic diplomacy insufficiently. In Einstein’s opinion, he argued that if President Roosevelt were still alive, he would forbid the act of atomic bombings.In the April of 1945, after the death of President Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman became a new American leader with swearing an oath. As a result of Roosevelt’s sudden death, Truman was relatively uninformed the policy towards the Soviet Union  and atomic bombs. Truman had stated that he would continue the foreign and domestic policy before, however, that he would be a president of his own belief. Without an integrated foreign policy, Truman was heavily influenced by the advisors. The lack of information about Soviet Union made the advisors easy to persuade Truman to adopt their suggestion of confronting the Soviet Union. It indicated the fundamental transition of diplomacy of America.In the other hand, after his rising to power, the Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson introduced that the existence of ‘ the most urgent matter’ the bomb. Thus, Truman was full of confidence to achieve the superpower of American with the monopoly of nuclear power. Under his influence, the diplomacy of American had become offensive. In Truman’s opinion, the Soviet Union’s communist was a factor to prevent American hegemony. To Truman, the initial notion on the new weapon was a tool of diplomatic confrontation with Russia.It was a trend to use the atomic bomb as an instrument to contain the Soviet Union. In July of 1945, the atomic bomb action was put forward to discussion of the role, which the nuclear weapon would play to contain the Soviet Union. For another aspect, it was a colossal threaten to America that the invention of the Soviet Union army into the Pacific battle field. The atomic bomb was use to end the war earlier in order to avoid Soviet’s entry into the war. In the spring of 1945, the Soviet Union had achieved the victory of the Berlin Battle. The Soviet Union had been a dominant status in the European territory. Stalin also had the careerism to gain and expand the territory in East Asia. To occupy Japan was a positive tactics for Soviet Union to sally the Asian continent.Stalin stated that Russia would share the actual occupation of Japan before the explosion of the bombs. The American government had a concession of Stalin’s willing for the reason of a requirement of assistance from Russia to defeat Japan at the beginning in the Yalta Conference. However, along with the success of the testing of atomic bombs, Japan’s defeat was for certain. America was no longer with the requirement of Russia’s assistance. Stalin still tried to participate the war with Japan and America. The American government was not satisfied with Stalin’s decision with the hope of keeping Soviet Union out of Asia. If Russia were in the war against Japan, Russia would occupy other areas in  East Asia near Japan. In another word, Manchuria, Mongolia, and also Korea would gradually under Russia’s control. Stimson had provide a view of ‘If the Russians seek joint occupation after a creditable participation in the conquest of Japan, I do not see how we could refuse them at least a token occupation’ It has proved that America was under the risk of Soviet Union’ s entry into the war. The President Truman wrote in his book ‘Years of Decisions’ that he would not to allow Russians played any role to control Japan. Consequently, the Americans had a strong will to end the war as soon as possible to avoid the Soviet Union’s invasion. Byrnes, assistant to Secretary of State, had showed the argument to support ending the war before Russian’s joining in an interview. He asserted that the President Truman had shared the same view with him that it was necessary to get Japan defeated before the Russians came in the war. Similarly, Albert Einstein announced that by any means, to push the war to end should precede the participation of the Soviet Union.These are the evidence of that American were willing to end the war and to stall the Soviet Union’s entry. On 16th July 1945, in New Mexico, the success of testing the atomic bomb’s explosion had supplied an excellent chance to end the war. The assistant to Secretary of State, Byrnes, had suggested the President Truman that the bomb could be used as a way to reduce Soviet Union’s influence in Asia by ending the war. The atomic bomb, contain tremendous power when it occurs the nuclear fission reactions. The Americans had ability to urge Japan to surrender as soon as possible by holding such a weapon with huge lethality. If Japan was defeat by Americans before the Soviet Union’s assistance, there was no excuse for Soviet Union to invade East Asia area. From this aspect, the atomic bomb was used for contain Soviet Union’s invasion by ending the Pacific war as soon as possible. In addition, the make use of Atomic bombs was the nuclear threaten to the Soviet Union. To some extent, the atomic bomb would likely to strength the American military force in order to against Soviet Union. After germen’s defeat in 8th may 1945,the entire European continent seemed to be ready up for grab. As a matter of fact, one of the most considerable affaire to the Allied nations was to modify the world pattern. However, the Soviet Union has made a dominant place in Europe with expending large amount of territory  in the European continent. The Soviet Union has become the largest army to prevent America to achieve its hegemony monopolized in the world. The success of testing atomic bomb in new Mexico had provide a ‘master card’ for America to against the soviet union for the American has grasped the unique technological weapon with large power. Nevertheless, the development of atomic bomb was continually a secret before it’s testing. In the Potsdam conference, the president Truman had once tried to reveal that the America had had the nuclear power. In addition, the National Security Advisor, James Byrnes suggest Truman that to make a display of atomic bomb to the Soviet Union might become a tool to menace the Soviet Union, as well as to put the American into a positive situation at the end of the second world war. Similarly the president Truman has argued that in his belief that the atomic bomb would make positive effect on the position to strive for more territory at the end of the war. From Byrnes and Truman’s argument, it had been proved that the existence of atomic bombs itself was a huge risk to Soviet Union. To make Soviet Union realize that American had controlled the key technology of nuclear power as well as it had been in use, it was necessary to implement the atomic bomb policy with the global attention. Indeed, the atomic bomb increased the American army’s confidence dramatically. On the other hand, to Soviet Union, Stalin would not to compete against America directly as a result of such a weapon with lethality. In other words, the atomic bomb had played an important role to contain the Soviet Union. To conclude, the atomic bomb was a diplomatic ‘master card’ of containing The Soviet Union’s action instead of ending the war. It was certain that the surrender of Japan occurred several days after the atomic bomb’s explosion. The atomic bomb had made contribution on ending the war to some extent. However, Japan’s defeat was destined if the American policy makers didn’t make any decision of atomic bomb. For one thing, Japan was failed in many battles with a high expense of navy and air force. Even worse, the American army had cut the approach for Japan to import oil and raw materials. For another thing, the Soviet Union’s invasion was also a factor to promote Japan’s surrender. That is to say Japan’s surrender would occur in any case, the war would certainly had been end without the bomb. Instead of ending the war, the atomic bomb exerted its effectiveness to contain the Soviet Union.  In 1945, the President Truman’s rise to power had laid a foundation of the offensive diplomatic policy. To avoid Soviet Union’s expansion of territory, the atomic diplomatic strategy was used for against Stalin’s action. For one thing, the atomic bomb was used to end the war as soon as possible in order to prevent Soviet Union’s entry into Pacific battlefield. For another thing, the atomic bomb itself was deterrence for Soviet Union as the Americans had grasped the nuclear technology. In sum, the atomic bomb meet the requirement of defeating Japan, nevertheless, to be more accurate, the atomic bomb was a key step to deter Soviet Union’s global monopoly. Reference list Alperovitz, G., 1995. The decision to use the atomic bomb. London: Frontana Press Bird, K., Lifschultz, L., 1998 Hiroshima’s shadow. Michigan: Pamphletee†s Press P. 37 Cooper, J. W., 2006. Truman’s motivations: using the bomb in the Second World War [pdf] Available at: http://www.johnwcooper.com [Accessed 24 November 2012] Dower, J. W., 1986. The war in western eyes, apes and others. In: War without mercy. New York: Pantheon Books Pp. 77-93 Frank, R. F., 1999 Downfall, the end of the imperial Japanese empire. United States of America: Penguin Books. Giovannitti, L.,Freed, F., 1965. The decision to drop the bomb. Great Britain: Methuen Co Ltd. Freeman, R., 2006. Was the atomic bombing of Japan necessary? [online] Available at: http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0806-25.htm [Accessed 23 November 2012] Hein, L., Selden, M., 1997 Living with the bomb, American and Japanese cultural conflicts in the nuclear age. New York: M.E. Sharpe Leffler, M. P.,Painter D. S., 1994 the atomic bomb and the origins of the cold war in: Painter the origins of the cold war: an international history New York: Rouledge P. 59. Malloy, S. L., 2008. Atomic tragedy, the decision to use the bomb against Japan. United States of America: Cornell Paperbacks Milson, W.D., 2011. The most controversial decision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P. 15. Preston, D., 2006 before the fall-out: from Marie Curie to Hiroshima: Corgi P. 493 Selden,M (1989), The atomic bomb voice from Hiroshima and Nagesaki. London: Kyoko, Mark Selden. P. 23. Smith, J. K., 2010 fire in the sky: the story of the atomic bomb: United States of America: Author house P. 17 Walker, J.S., 1996. The decision to use the bomb: a historiographical update. In: Hogan, M. J., 1996. Hiroshima, in history and memory. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge university press. Pp. 11- 37 [ 1 ]. L. Hein and M. Selden living with the bomb, American and Japanese cultural conflicts in the nuclear age. (Great Britain 1965) P. 4 [ 2 ]. J. S. Walker Hiroshima, in history and memory. (Cambridge 1996) P. 11 [ 3 ]. J. K. Smith Fire in the sky: the story of the atomic bomb (2010 United States of America) P. 17 [ 4 ]. M. Selden voices from Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1989 London) P. 23 [ 5 ]. R. Freeman was the atomic bombing of Japan necessary? [Online] Available at: http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0806-25.htm [Accessed 23 November 2012] [ 6 ]. R. F. Frank Downfall, the end of the imperial Japanese empire. (1999 United States of America) P. 132 [ 7 ]. J. W. Dower war without mercy. (1986 New York) P. 83. [ 8 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 647 [ 9 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 645 [ 10 ]. L. Giovannitti and F. Freed the decision to drop the bomb (1965 Great Britain) P. 236. [ 11 ]. J. W. Cooper Truma n’s motivations: using the bomb in the Second World War [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 24 November 2012] P. 6 [ 12 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 127 [ 13 ]. L. Giovannitti and F. Freed the decision to drop the bomb (1965 Great Britain) P. 125 [ 14 ]. M.P. Leffler and D. S. the atomic bomb and the origins of the cold war in: Painter the origins of the cold war: an international history (1994 New York) P. 59. [ 15 ]. S. L. Malloy Atomic tragedy, the decision to use the bomb against Japan. (2008 United States of America) P. 81-85 [ 16 ]. Miscamble.w.d. 2011. The most controversial decision, Truman, the atomic bombs, and the defeat of Japan. P. 15 [ 17 ]. K. Bird and L. Lifschultz Hiroshima’s shadow (1998 Michigan) P. 37 [ 18 ]. D. Preston before the fall-out: from Marie Curie to Hiroshima (2006) P. 493 [ 19 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 274 [ 20 ]. K. Bird and L. Lifschultz Hiroshima’s shadow (1998 Michigan) P. 17 [ 21 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 134

The Governmental Display of the Confederate Flag Essay -- Expository E

The Governmental Display of the Confederate Flag The confederacy is dead. The Civil War is long over, and the United States has experienced much growth and development since its end, much of this due to the outcome of the war. A new, united America flourished throughout the late eighteen hundreds gaining a great deal of power through high levels of commerce and trade. There is no doubt that America is better off now because of the outcome of the War between the States. However, many of the symbols of the Civil War remain very active in the present world; they are very much alive and charged with meaning and power. Probably the best known among all of these symbols is the Confederate Battle Flag. The â€Å"rebel flag† has taken on many different meanings since its conception in the 1860’s. Unfortunately, today it is often associated with different hate groups and people who would wish it to be used as a symbol of oppression. Though we may be better off now as one united country, this freedom to rebel is what A merica was founded on over two hundred-fifty years ago. The men who fought for a better country in the Civil War were just as patriotic as the soldiers of the Revolutionary war. This is why it is so unfortunate to see their banner tarnished and defiled the way it often has been in the last several decades. However, it is also revered and glorified by many people and organizations. It’s spirit of sacrifice and nobility, and the patriotism demonstrated by the men who fought under it is often acknowledged and demonstrated through the public display of the Confederate Flag. The debate of which I write stems from the display, by certain state governments, of the Confederate Battle Flag both in its original form and i... ...rs, but also the generations of blacks who have suffered persecution. Persecution at the hands of people who wave the flag as a weapon of hatred; a sword that still cuts deeply today. These state governments recognize that these symbols are unwanted by a large portion of their population, or at least realize that bad publicity does them no good, and that it is necessary to change. I don’t see the Confederate Flag issue being resolved any time soon; as long as the different groups attach different meanings to the flag, they always have different opinions as to whether or not it should be displayed. Works Cited: Reed, John Shelton. â€Å"The Banner that won’t Stay Furled.† Southern Cultures. Spring 2002: 76. Darby, Joseph A. Darby Responds to Most Frequent Allegations Against Sanctions.† Editorial. The Post and Courier [Charleston, SC] 16 May 2001: A7. The Governmental Display of the Confederate Flag Essay -- Expository E The Governmental Display of the Confederate Flag The confederacy is dead. The Civil War is long over, and the United States has experienced much growth and development since its end, much of this due to the outcome of the war. A new, united America flourished throughout the late eighteen hundreds gaining a great deal of power through high levels of commerce and trade. There is no doubt that America is better off now because of the outcome of the War between the States. However, many of the symbols of the Civil War remain very active in the present world; they are very much alive and charged with meaning and power. Probably the best known among all of these symbols is the Confederate Battle Flag. The â€Å"rebel flag† has taken on many different meanings since its conception in the 1860’s. Unfortunately, today it is often associated with different hate groups and people who would wish it to be used as a symbol of oppression. Though we may be better off now as one united country, this freedom to rebel is what A merica was founded on over two hundred-fifty years ago. The men who fought for a better country in the Civil War were just as patriotic as the soldiers of the Revolutionary war. This is why it is so unfortunate to see their banner tarnished and defiled the way it often has been in the last several decades. However, it is also revered and glorified by many people and organizations. It’s spirit of sacrifice and nobility, and the patriotism demonstrated by the men who fought under it is often acknowledged and demonstrated through the public display of the Confederate Flag. The debate of which I write stems from the display, by certain state governments, of the Confederate Battle Flag both in its original form and i... ...rs, but also the generations of blacks who have suffered persecution. Persecution at the hands of people who wave the flag as a weapon of hatred; a sword that still cuts deeply today. These state governments recognize that these symbols are unwanted by a large portion of their population, or at least realize that bad publicity does them no good, and that it is necessary to change. I don’t see the Confederate Flag issue being resolved any time soon; as long as the different groups attach different meanings to the flag, they always have different opinions as to whether or not it should be displayed. Works Cited: Reed, John Shelton. â€Å"The Banner that won’t Stay Furled.† Southern Cultures. Spring 2002: 76. Darby, Joseph A. Darby Responds to Most Frequent Allegations Against Sanctions.† Editorial. The Post and Courier [Charleston, SC] 16 May 2001: A7.

Psychiatric Disabilities: The Role of the Rehabilitation Counselor Essa

Psychiatric Disabilities: The Role of the Rehabilitation Counselor A rehabilitation counselor is the central coordinator of setting up services and the client’s goals. They help develop and enhance the client’s skills to secure independence, employment and function in the community (Garske, 2003). In order to be able to rehabilitate the client and set up obtainable goals and a treatment plan, the rehabilitation counselor must first understand ADA, the client’s functional limitations, challenges and obstacles they are facing, along with barriers that may pose a threat to the success of the client. Rehabilitation counselors also set up a support network the client can reach out to and utilize, as well as resources and accommodations that may help the client transition into the workforce, school or home. Challenges/Functional Limitations Success Rate There are many challenges and obstacles that individuals with a psychiatric disability face and as a rehabilitation counselor one must find ways to overcome those obstacles and help guide the client. According to Gregory Garske (2003), â€Å"those with severe mental illness or a psychiatric disability have an extremely low success rate and are the most challenging group to rehabilitate† (p. 95). One of the largest subpopulations of disabilities with the lowest success rate did not go unnoticed and changes were made in 1992 when the amendments of the Rehabilitation Act were passed. The 1992 amendments paved the way for future growth and ensured that those with the most severe disability that limited one or more life functions received more assistance (Garske, 2003). What is disturbing is that even though those with a psychiatric disability are seeking services the success ... ...on job acquisition and retention among people with psychiatric disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 33(3), 203-207. doi:10.3233/JVR-2010-0528. Schutt, R., & Hursh, N. (2009). Influences on Job Retention Among Homeless Persons with Substance Abuse or Psychiatric Disabilities. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 36(4), 53-73. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Sullivan, A., Nicolellis, D., & et al., (1993). Choose-get-keep: A psychiatric rehabilitation approach to supported education. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 17(1), 55. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. Walsh, J., & Walsh, M. (2003). The role of mental health professionals in responding to employment needs. Sourcebook of rehabilitation and mental health practice (pp. 105-115). New York, NY US: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Retrieved from PsycINFO database.

Digitally Divided Canada

Presently, the world experiences a major and radical transformation primarily because of information and technological revolution. Almost everyday, history witnesses the birth of highly sophisticated gadgets and equipments that have literally altered the lives of many individuals. Nowadays, the hindrances brought about by geographical, spatial and time constraints, no longer affect mankind. In a blink of an eye, tasks which usually take several days or months to be accomplished can be readily addressed with just a single click.Evidently, Marshall McLuhan’s notion of the global village (Baran & Davis, 2006) is no longer a theoretical argument—the global village has readily developed, thus making each and every individual, regardless of their age, social status, race and ethnicity more connected and interactive than ever. Relatively, the establishment of the information superhighway did not only increase the connectedness of different groups and communities. More than any thing else, such situation is instrumental in opening the doors for various opportunities for growth and development within the national level.Canada for example, experienced a major economic shift with the introduction of Information and Communications Technology, or more popularly known s ICT (â€Å"Canada’s Journey,† 2003). A country which was once heavily dependent on its marine and agricultural resources, is now capitalizing on the benefits and advantages of their so-called â€Å"knowledge economy (â€Å"Canada’s Journey,† 2003). † As a matter of fact, the country is considered as one of the most competitive forces within the information technology industry (â€Å"Canada’s Journey,† 2003).However, while it is true that technology fueled Canada’s economic expansion, one of the pressing issues that the country needs to confront is digital divide. Digital divide is a serious social concern that cannot be simply described as a battle between those who are considered as technologically rich and technologically poor. More than anything else, the implications of digital divide tend to contribute to the worsening of the social, economic and cultural gap. These kinds of division are most especially felt between rural and urban settlers.If technology is said to govern man’s life, clearly, those who cannot fully avail of modern tools and equipment are also denied of exploiting technology’s benefits. Evidently, those that are living in the rural area are placed in very uncompromising situations in as far as being â€Å"digitally-connected† is concerned. Given this situation at hand, one may readily ask, how does digital divide affect the marginalization of rural settlers in Canada? For this particular discussion, the statistics presented in the Canadian Social Trends and The Daily was primarily used.Information in such sites is highly significant since it basically provides a wider view on h ow the whole Canadian populace utilizes the internet. However, the above-mentioned sites do not only dabble with internet usage alone. They also provided substantial discussions regarding the availability of personal computers in both rural and urban Canada. On the other hand, another major source that is used to support the arguments of this report is the E-government studies of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).In OECD, however, the facts presented are comparisons of internet usage in the global scale. Such information is therefore necessary to be included in this analysis since it presents an overview on how far Canada has fared when it comes to global connectedness and how its current situation contributes to the digital divide experienced by the country. In understanding digital divide in Canada, it is highly important to first understand how information technology works in the country.It is also impetus to know the percentages of individuals who can readily access to have a substantial articulation of the matter. In addition to that, the inputs from the OECD contribute in a much deeper examination of how digital divide affects not only Canada, but also in other parts of the world. This Mc Laren (2002) discussed that mostly of the individuals who own computers are located in Census Metropolitan Areas (CMA) and Census Agglomerations (CA). This is in stark contrast to those who are residing in rural and small towns.More than 50 to 60% of those living in CMAs and CAs have computers at home, whereas, only 40 to 50% of those in the rural areas posses such equipment (please refer to Figure 1 of Appendix). There are two reasons that can possibly explain this particular situation. First, it can be argued in here that urban settings can easily adapt to major technological shifts and transformations. This would not come as much of a surprise since major cities and areas are considered as the center of commerce and trade. In an area l ooming with various business opportunities, the use of an efficient technological platform is a must.Business endeavors that aspire to be globally competitive must take advantage of technology’s positive effects and contributions. Thus, individuals in this area become more aware about the uses and purposes of any technologically-related material. Another reason behind that is the high purchasing power of urban settlers. Suppliers of high-end technological products readily targets consumers in the city since they know that highly urbanized areas can provide them with a solid market base. On the other hand, as for the case of rural residents, digital connectedness seems to fall short.This primarily stems from the existing income discrepancies between the two groups. McLaren (2002) found out that those who earn less than $20,000 in rural areas can hardly afford to have their own computer. Only 20% (please refer to Figure 2 of Appendix) of rural settlers are capable of purchasing personal computers. However, for urban dwellers who also earn less than $20,000, more than 30% (please refer to Figure 2 of Appendix) of the population has their own computers . The same situation is reflected as for the case of those who are earning beyond $20,000.Based from a critical perspective, if Canadians in rural are literally outnumbered when it comes to having access to computers, then it is also relative that is harder for them to acquire internet access as well. While it is true that individuals from both rural and urban areas tend to have the same income, the availability of computers in cities is more prevalent compared to small towns. This means that an urban dweller, despite of the fact that he or she earns less than $20,000, can still own a computer primarily because in the city, one can always find cheaper alternatives.Computer providers in such areas are engaged into a stiff competition that compels them to lower their prices so that they can tap their potential markets. On the other hand, the availability of computer suppliers in rural areas is less than those in highly urbanized ones. Competition is hardly felt and therefore, these suppliers can demand their prices. Relatively, computers sold in rural sectors are literally more expensive than those that are found in the city.Given this aspect at hand, if Canadians in rural areas cannot avail of the basic equipment or material used in connecting via the internet, then it would be harder for them to participate into the digital world. It would be more difficult for these individuals to be updated on recent technological trends and developments. In addition to that, the lack of computers also prevents these individuals from making the most of Canada’s robust knowledge economy. Also, it is important to note that computers nowadays cannot only assist Canadians in connecting through the internet.Computers are also instrumental in making work processes and transactions much faster and eas ier as compared to manual work. One must always bear in mind that digital divide does not merely focus on the capacity to connect online; it is also the ability of owning the required technological platforms or materials. In the meantime, in as far as internet access is concerned, thus, it would not come as too much of a surprise of urban households are more connected. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003), from 1999 to 2001, 33.6% of rural homes in Canada have internet connection, whereas a total of 44. 4% of urban settlers enjoy internet services (please see of Appendix). There is no doubt that the internet is a good source of knowledge and information. Relevant data and statistics found in the World Wide Web contribute to empowering and educating individuals. However, with the current situation of rural Canada, they are evidently left behind. Take for example the case of students which primarily uses the internet for research aid and purpo ses.The ones located in urban areas enjoy the benefits of acquiring significant facts and figures that cannot be ordinarily seen in local libraries and other academic sources. Individuals in the urban areas are also able to exploit government services via the internet. It is also important to note that online business opportunities are easily accessed by urban residents since they have the tool to do so. Apparently, the digital divide tends to exclude individuals from the rural sector from using technology to further empower themselves and seek for other opportunities for growth and development.There is an evident inequality in digital divide that basically originates from the unequal distribution of wealth and power. More than anything else, it should be always remembered that only those who have access to a wide array of providers and are financially adequate to participate into the digital arena, are the ones who are most likely to benefit from them. Relatively, these two conditi ons (access to providers and financial adequacy) are commonly found in metropolitan areas. Income disparity is indeed a key factor in the proliferation of digital divide and marginalization of rural Canada.As a matter of fact, one of the primary reasons that prohibit Canadians in rural areas from utilizing the internet is the â€Å"costs† associated with it (McLaren, 2002). The other reason corresponds to the absence of necessary skills and training (McLaren, 2002). In addition to that the geographical economic conditions of rural sectors in Canada are also important factors in analyzing digital divide and its implications. Transforming small towns into a digitally active community translates to building the necessary infrastructures.Thus, in as far as internet and communication providers are concerned; an area should be highly feasible for business operations and profitability before they finally consider the idea of building internet-related structures (Siegan & Walzer, 200 3). Unfortunately, if the concerned area does not qualify to the business needs of providers, then digital connectedness is less likely to grow and flourish. Not unless the Canadian government creates yet another solid and concrete plan to establish technological infrastructures in rural domains, then people living in these areas would remain digitally left behind.The effects of digital divide in rural Canada however cannot be only felt on the economic disadvantages of rural residents. Aside from the tacit or unconscious information monopoly of those that are technologically rich, there is also an apparent exclusion of the technologically inept from participating in issues that require utmost concerns (Jones, 2003). For how can somebody participate if he or she is not well-informed? Aside from that, rural residents are somehow denied of articulating their interests, views and opinions.It is no secret that the internet provides forums and sites wherein participants can express their sentiments and generate possible solutions. It is through the net that groups with similar orientations converge. However, it is pretty difficult for rural settlers to be involved if in the first place, they are not that digitally connected. Another thing to be considered is that the digital divide tends to delimit rural Canada from availing the services of the government on an easier pace (Marshall, Taylor & Yu, 2003). The government use of internet is indeed commendable.However, this would be still useless if not the majority of the populace can readily utilize it. Digital divide between urban and rural residents require immediate action. The opportunities brought forth by technology should not be limited into very few hands. If there is anyone who must be technologically empowered, it is no other than the ones in rural settings primarily because they are the ones who really need it, not the other way around. In as much as technological infrastructures are progressively establishe d in urban areas, then more efforts should be exerted in the rural sectors.

Social characters of Jews and essays

Social characters of Jews and essays In chapters 7-8 of Valhalla, Calvary and Auschwitz, author Giora Shoham examines the social characters and relationship of Jews and Germans prior and leading up to the Holocaust. Shoham believes Jews participant qualities clash with German separant identities which contributed to the Jews vicitimization during the Holocaust. Hitler;s leadership escalated these already established differences into a larger, bloodier conflict. Chapter 7 outlines the different characters of Jews and Germans. More based on a pagan tradition and Teutonic mythology, Germans focus on power, expansion, grandeur and unity. Shoham uses Gothic churches as an example of German desire to overtake their surroundings and almost compete with God. In contrast, the author describes Jews as self effacing, focusing on individualism and peace. With such skewed and opposing characteristics, Shoham suggests these groups enter a bully victim relationship where the Jews desire to be swallowed by German society and German society is eager to oblige (270). Shohams desire to explore a new area of holocaust study focusing on roots of anti Semitism within Germany is interesting but has the potential to be dangerous. Sweeping generalization regarding any group are difficult to prove and can be misleading. For example, the author asserts Jews are historically bad planners but offers little evidence to support his claim. Chapter 8 expands on the bully vicitim relationship created by opposing Jewish and Germanic social characteristics. Shoham believes Jews possessed a love affair with Germanic culture which was not reciprocated by Germans. Shohams premise that Jews willingly disregarded their own cultural institutions is misplaced. YIDDISH, REFORM SYNAGOGUES....... ...

Analysing a text guide (Autosaved) Essays - Linguistics, Language

Analysing a text guide (Autosaved) Essays - Linguistics, Language \Analysing a text Refer to line numbers in your examples What to look for: Answer: An example (if possible): Mode - spoken or written Has spoken nature to it. Register - formal or informal This radio show is very informal as it has a wide use of colloquialisms, slang and has a wide variety of playful words to it. The way the words re omitted also shows that laid back type of conversation between the two subjects. In the background information, it says that the topic being discussed is the issue of pets being in their owner's beds at night' - this is informal because it is a radio show of someone and 2 other people stating their opinion of pets being in their beds. A business worker and a principle would not have this type of conversation. Function - play, entertainment, inform, persuade, etc. The function is to entertain the audience. It could also be to inform pet owners about the issue of pets being in owners' bed. Social Purpose - how is it used within the society Lexical/morphological features that support function and social purpose Free morphemes are used to support the information and the function of the transcript. Syntactic features that support function and/or social purpose Shortening Elision In line 65, shortening was used with the word coupla', the word is originally meant to be couple of' but got shortened to coupla'. In line 4 the word you' is shortened to ya' to close the social distance and Phonological Features There is a wide use of slang. Slang is more common in speech and it is words or phrases that are very informal and they are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people. Assimilation is also used when one sound sounds similar or almost identical to another sound, creating one sound in between words. In line 22 and 39 the word thunder buddies' is a word that can be understood by the ingroup but not understood by those who don't usually use that word. In line 30 the word bewdiful' is spelt how it is pronounced, the letter t' is omitted to the letter d'. How is coherence (the little parts forming the text) and cohesion (text as a whole) achieved? Face Needs (attended to or not) Conversational strategies

Company Risk Avoidance Plan

Company Risk Avoidance Plan Risk management is an essential aspect of modern business aimed at ensuring the profitability of diverse ventures for the business owners. In this report the discussion presented will focus risk avoidance strategies that can be used in the management of companies, avoidance of risks associated with securities regulations, avoidance of risks associated with accountant liability and avoidance of agency associated risk.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Company Risk Avoidance Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Oren, Risk Avoidance involves setting of margins and thresholds that are used to avoid unacceptable risk where acceptability limits are typically established by experts (2001). In the management of companies risk avoidance may be as a result of poor decision making. For managers interested in mitigating risks one approach could be the use of decision analysis tools (Oren, 2001). These tools will pro vide several scenarios taking into consideration objective and subjective information as well as the decision maker’s preference. The tool can then be used to identify the best alternative. It has been reported that the approach has been successfully implemented in various decision making contexts such as product development decisions, assessment of investment options, etc. Another approach that can be used by management with a view to Risk Avoidance is to enlist the services of regulatory bodies. BGP technology is a biotechnology company and as such the products produced pose some degree of risk to the public. Regulatory bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) perform a set of expert designed tests that are highly reputable (Oren, 2001). The FDA approval seal on the company products is one essential component that management can use to avoid legal risks associated with products. Upon approval of a product in case of any complaints about the drug the company can share the blame with the FDA. The environmental protection Agency (EPA) can also be called upon by management to carry out inspection on facilities and provide certification on emission levels and toxic waste management (Oren, 2001). With regards to regulation of securities the management of the company can avoid risk by implementing strategies such as hedging. Hedging is a strategy that avoids risk by spreading the risk or financial consequence associated with a particular risk (Oren, 2001). In this approach the management will make an investment portfolio that selects companies whose trading outcomes are correlated so as to reduce the overall variability. An area of risk avoidance that has been the cause of much debate in recent years is the degree of liability a company should commit to in the case of a company agent. In the scandals that saw companies such as Enron fall, investors lost huge sums owing to the poor decisions by the auditors and the company directors. Following su ch losses constructs such as proportionate liability have been established to avoid risks associated with company agents (Faure, 2009).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result of such actions it has been observed that many firms have stopped provision of audit services within high risk business categories (Linville, 2002). This scenario has led to a situation where on very knowledgeable and well capitalized firms are ready to risk undertaking audit activities. These new regulations have further raised the costs associated with auditing. One advantage of such measures is that they have led to a decline in litigation against firms with deeper pockets that were typically the target of litigation in earlier times (Faure, 2009). This is possibly through the increased motivation by agents to fully comply with industry regulations thus leaving very little room for er ror. Nevertheless despite the disadvantage of increased cost the proportionate liability regulation has helped in regulating industry players with regards to compliance. For successful implementation of the proportionate liability entity the various agencies associated with a business entity must be properly classified. An agent is a vehicle that can be used to perform a specific function on behalf of the business entity. Categories that typically are categorized as agents include legal services, accounting services, trading companies, etc (Peterson, 2007). In light of current legislation in the SEC, agents and principals are required to comply with specific regulations in a view to protection of client interests. It has been established that for the agency to perform their duties well adequate incentives must be offered to ensure that the agent does not under perform (Peterson, 2007). This suggests that to avoid risk selection of agents should be done with care and results from the regulatory bodies within those industries used to confirm performance criteria. In addition to hedging with regards to investment on the stock market another possible solution that could be used in the avoidance of risk by BGP technology is making improvements in the Business Process Management (BPM) cycle. BPM is an essential aspect that can be used to improve the competitive advantage by ensuring the smooth flow of all business processes. A biotechnology company such as BGP is likely to be involved in manufacturing. Through appropriate analysis of the supply chain adjustments can be made to ensure product prices are maintained and profitability is sustained (Muehlen Ho, 2006). An example of improvement of the business processes in this case could involve the use of hedging in the supply chain. It is likely that the cost of raw materials fluctuates and affects the cost of the finished products.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Company Risk Avoidance Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Just as in agriculture a hedge fund can be established using a suitable price for raw material (Oren, 2001). This fund thus acts as a buffer protecting the company from changes in prices. This can ensure that the company can withstand the risk associated with increases in cost of raw material. Though the material provided in this report is not conclusive, it attempts to highlight various risk avoidance schemes. These schemes are among several risk avoidance schemes that can be used in addressing issues related to management, securities, accountant liability and agency associated suits. References Faure, M. (2009). Tort Law and Economics. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Linville, M (2002). CPAs’ Awareness of Litigation Risk. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 6(3), 11-21. Muehlen, M. Z. Ho, D. T. (2006). Risk Management in the BPM Lifecycle. Business Process Managemen t Workshops, 454-466. Oren, S. (2001). Market based Risk Mitigation: Risk Management vs. Risk Avoidance. White House OSTP/NSF Workshop on Critical Infrastructure Dependencies, 1-10. Peterson, C. L. (2007). Preemption, Agency Cost Theory, and Predatory Lending by Banking Agents: Are Federal Regulators Biting off More than they can chew? American University Law Review, 56(3), 515-549.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

The Singapore Consumer Purchasing Choices Between Adidas and Nike Research Paper

The Singapore Consumer Purchasing Choices Between Adidas and Nike Products - Research Paper Example The ability to reach a specific segment and market with a variety of products alters the success of a corporation. The concept of relating to the target market and building a strategy that offers a complete marketing technique makes a difference in how individuals respond to the product or service offered. The basis of success for any product is created from the perception of consumption which occurs. This results from purchase behaviors that are identified by a variety of factors, including social relationships, cultural affiliations and understanding of the product. It is noted that different purchasing choices occur in groups and segments of individuals that are interested in a given product. When looking at Singapore youth between the ages of 18 – 25, there is a specific set of trends and behaviors that are associated with purchases (Temasek, 2007: 3). This is not only defined by a variety of consumption patterns but also remains specific with types of products, such as sp orts apparel and shoe brands. An area which highlights the significance of communication toward products and results in purchase behavior is with differences in purchases of Adidas and Nike by Singapore youth. Examining this difference shows the correlation between affiliations to a product and the type of communication which is used. This research paper will examine the trends in purchases between Adidas and Nike products by Singapore youth, specifically to define purchase behaviors and how this relates to the marketing strategies and communication of a product. ... Examining this difference shows the correlation between affiliations to a product and the type of communication which is used. This research paper will examine the trends in purchases between Adidas and Nike products by Singapore youth, specifically to define purchase behaviors and how this relates to the marketing strategies and communication of a product. 1.1 Background Both Adidas and Nike products are building an international reputation based on the sports products offered by the corporation. The approach to both companies is to offer sportswear to women and men that are living more active lifestyles. This is combined with shoes, shirts and other apparel that fits with new lifestyles for each individual. This is followed by creative lines that are being developed with the products, including creative and urban wear that helps to create a sense of identity. The approach that Adidas and Nike are taking is quickly turning into products that fit with identity. When the economic down turn began, both companies altered their strategy, specifically because not as much demand was available for the shoe products. To alter this, they created and developed strategies to enhance the products with new shoe styles and marketing schemes based on having shoes that created identity for every occasion. When this began, there was an expansion into foreign markets with different approaches on how to change the revenue back into the profit while reaching individuals interested in a variety of apparel. The approach of both firms is to actively work toward new target markets that are based on cultural and social affiliations and which can begin to turn the downturn of the traditional

Malthus vs Marx Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Malthus vs Marx - Essay Example Marx on his part argues that crises can also occur. However, they identify problem originating in different ways. Therefore, the essay will explain how each accounts for downturns in capitalist economies. It will go ahead and argue which explanation is more persuasive. To begin with, it is important to understand capitalism and its working in the society. Capitalism refers to an economic system characterized by corporate or private ownership of capital goods through investments that are determined through private decision, and through production, distribution, and the prices of goods that are determined majorly by competition in a free market (Frank 5). Elements of capitalism include production of goods or services for profit, means of production is owned privately, wage labor, and competitive markets. This system became dominant after feudalism diminished in the Western world. It is worth noting that the designation of this system is applied to different historical cases that vary i n geography, culture, time, and politics (Frank 9). Capitalism has many variants that bear the aforementioned characteristics though the degree of application of these characteristics may differ a little bit. The main forms of capitalism include state capitalism, free- market capitalism, mercantilism, corporate capitalism, and social market capitalism. Of particular interest to this essay is the production aspect of capitalism, especially as it has been the focus of Malthus and Marx’s arguments. Thomas Malthus is widely known for his theories on population. However, his contributions to political economy theories were equally significant. Malthus argument focused on production and its ability to meet the economic demand of a society. In developing his theories about political economy, he defended Sismondi’s views on general glut. Malthus argues about general glut, which means overproduction of goods, in his Surplus Theory (Hollander 12). According to him, the general g lut question may be general as well as particular, permanent or temporary as well. He argues that the concept of the general glut in a given society has a potential of presenting a problem (Buccholz 60). Malthus glut theory was based on insufficient aggregate demand that was analyzed through the existing patterns of expenditure among the three socio- economic classes. He assumed that capitalists would spend their income on basic needs since they will not have time and capacity to utilize all the goods and services at their disposal thus spending most of their income on the capital accumulation (Hollander 26). The property owners on their part would spend most of their income on personal services and luxury items such as culture and arts. Besides, he assumed that laborers would spend most their incomes if not all on basic needs necessary to maintain their basic subsistence level and would not have remaining money for savings. Malthus argued that the glut problem was because of high r ate of savings among the capitalists making the capital accumulation rate to be unsustainable. Therefore, demand for labor would increase in order to keep up with the capital growth. This may result to temporal labor shortage causing rise of wages or some newly invested capital may fail to find matching labor hence becoming idle (Buccholz 62). Eventually, this scenario would lead to an economic crisis. To him, overproduction of

Dickens hard times resonates with the work of his contemporaries Essay

Dickens hard times resonates with the work of his contemporaries particulary in relation to the effects on the enroaching effe - Essay Example Charles Dickens’s Hard Times presents a unique picture of industrialization and urbanization in 19th century England. The sullen atmosphere of Coketown symbolizes suppressed anger of the factory workers and failure to improve their lives and wellbeing. Surprisingly or not, Dickens’s work resonates with and echoes in the works of his predecessors and contemporaries, who discuss the tragic man-city dichotomy and depict the disruption of human integrity by cities. It would be fair to say that Charles Dickens’s Hard Times presents a unique and profoundly philosophic allegory of urbanization and industrialization, which causes encroaching effects on the lives of English class workers and reinforces the sense of human alienation from everything rational and urban. Charles Dickens’s Hard Times is rightly considered as one of the best representations of industrialization and its disintegrative effects on the lives and wellbeing of English class workers. ... Nevertheless, it is due to Dickens’s repulsion toward dry statistics, rationality, and facts that Hard Times turned out to be an excellent source of truth about the disruptive effects of industrialization on workers. In Dickens’s book, urbanization and industrialization are associated with the lack of creativity and everything humane. The family of Gradgrinds exemplifies the utmost saneness and extraordinary rationality with no tint of feeling or romance: â€Å"No little Gradgrind had ever seen a face in the moon; it was up in the moon before it could speak distinctly. No little Gradgrind had ever learnt the silly jingle [†¦] no little Gradgrind had ever associated a cow in a field [†¦] with that yet more famous cow who swallowed Tom Thumb† (Dickens 1854). Needless to say, those are the products of industrialization, which suppress romanticism and create a sullen atmosphere on Coketown. The name of the city itself symbolizes sullenness and intoxication with rationality. This sullenness, however, is nothing but the sign of repressed anger, which finds no outlet but goes unabated (Colon 2006). The implications of industrial sullenness in Coketown are two-fold: on the one hand, it creates and fosters a claustrophobic atmosphere; on the other hand, it indicates and reflects the growing social dissent in the English work class. Excessive rationality leaves workers beyond the boundaries of improved wellbeing and, at the same time, emphasizes an irresolvable man-city dichotomy. The themes of sullenness and workers’ alienation from the processes of industrialization and urbanization resonate with T.S. Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Green and Fernald (2003) are correct in that both works create a set of metaphors which

Islam in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Islam in India - Essay Example The essay "Islam in India" talks about the Islamic religion that was started in India long before the death of Muhammad the Prophet. History shows that the Turkish people, including Muhammad Bakhtiyar, were the first conquerors that came over to Bengal and took over the Hindu kingdom.History tells about another invasion said to have started as early as 712. The invaders were led by the leader Muhammad Bin Qasim, who fought and won the war on Sikh land. This occurred a short while after the start of the Islamic religion in other parts of Arabic land. The religion was spread by the Arabs as they moved and fought kingdoms that tried to resist them, including Iran, Afghanistan, and India. The author shows that Arabs came to the land of India through the northwest region, which happened after talks with Buddhist leaders who wanted to help to fight Buddhist non-believers. This was an opportunity for the Islamic religion to enter and take over Buddhism kingdoms. Mohammed Qasim, who was aske d for help to fight Buddhism non-believers fought and won the war of Rewar in the year 712. The rule of Mohammed Qasim was followed by Turkish rule led by Mahmud Ghazni in the ninth century after the death of Mohammed Qasim. Mahmud Ghazni’s reason for invading India was to spread Islamic religion and the richness of Indian temples. Ghazni fought non-Muslim religions and destroying their temples. For example, Thorpe et al shows that Mahmud with his soldiers destroyed Hindu temples in the year 1026.

Introduction to UK graduate study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to UK graduate study - Essay Example This reflective essay is a personal reflection about a study module, i.e. introduction module of the UK graduate study and the aspects that I have learned from the module. In the module, I have studied about individual presentation and group presentation, direct and indirect quotation, report writing and essay writing and also about ‘how to write and use the different references’. This module has been of immense benefit and has helped in developing my basic concepts and understandings in various critical aspects that I will require to use not only throughout my graduate degree program but also throughout my life. The introduction to the UK graduate study module has helped me not only to gain practical knowledge and develop my skills related to various key facets such as individual presentation and group presentation method but has also helped to instil within me a sense of cohesion and group bonding. A study module is developed with an aim to provide module-specific skil ls, discipline specific skills and also personal and key skills. The aim of any module is to develop within an individual critical thinking ability, problem solving ability, ability to judge and analyse an available peace of research to correlate and integrate with actual requirement by judging the strengths as well as weaknesses of an available research. I have also been able to learn these key factors through the introduction module. Through the course related to individual presentation, I have been able to learn aspects such as self-management, independent studying capacity, problem solving skills as I had to integrate my learning in the module with the subject matter, i.e. topic provided (University of Exeter, 2011). The group presentation course also helped me to learn basic skills of giving presentation such as searching for relevant data for preparing the slides, preparing slides with relevant contents, distributing overall slides among entire group efficiently, using of verb al and non-verbal language as well as developing body language while speaking. I have also been able to learn and develop persuasive skills and strategies, time management skills, group behaviour skills through presentation course in my module which will be of immeasurable benefits throughout my career (McCarthy & Hatcher, 2002). Another extremely valuable learning that I have acquired through the module is related to report and essay writing. â€Å"Writing is a uni-directional process of recording pre-sorted, pre-digested ideas† (Taylor, 1981). Writing an essay is observed as ‘hi-directional movement’ between two aspects, i.e. content as well as written form. I have also been able to learn various facets on how to integrate my thought process in a written form. This has also helped towards improving my language and vocabulary skills along with my planning and coherent writing skills (Taylor, 1981). Report writing course has also helped me to learn and develop my written communication skills along with the ability to present and use appropriate data and content from various sources such as academic sources. The use of graphs as well as relevant statistics along with writing a report in a proper framework have been all learned by me within the course framework. Both essay and

Islam in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Islam in India - Essay Example The essay "Islam in India" talks about the Islamic religion that was started in India long before the death of Muhammad the Prophet. History shows that the Turkish people, including Muhammad Bakhtiyar, were the first conquerors that came over to Bengal and took over the Hindu kingdom.History tells about another invasion said to have started as early as 712. The invaders were led by the leader Muhammad Bin Qasim, who fought and won the war on Sikh land. This occurred a short while after the start of the Islamic religion in other parts of Arabic land. The religion was spread by the Arabs as they moved and fought kingdoms that tried to resist them, including Iran, Afghanistan, and India. The author shows that Arabs came to the land of India through the northwest region, which happened after talks with Buddhist leaders who wanted to help to fight Buddhist non-believers. This was an opportunity for the Islamic religion to enter and take over Buddhism kingdoms. Mohammed Qasim, who was aske d for help to fight Buddhism non-believers fought and won the war of Rewar in the year 712. The rule of Mohammed Qasim was followed by Turkish rule led by Mahmud Ghazni in the ninth century after the death of Mohammed Qasim. Mahmud Ghazni’s reason for invading India was to spread Islamic religion and the richness of Indian temples. Ghazni fought non-Muslim religions and destroying their temples. For example, Thorpe et al shows that Mahmud with his soldiers destroyed Hindu temples in the year 1026.

The Influence of Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Influence of Family - Essay Example This influence is often reflected in the childhood and adult life of the child. According to various researches, it has been proved that, children always associate themselves with the problems of the parent and worry about these issues even if they are not part of the problem. This is a regular experience faced by families which have divorced. This is the main reason why individuals ask themselves if the family can influence the way they think, act and feel in the society. It is true that the family plays a significant role in the way individuals behave in the family and society. Every concept an individual adopts are learned from the family. For instance, everything a child learns is always influenced from his or her parenthood and how they reacted to their parents. Parents are good people to emulate as they are familiar with what life entails. This is due to their life experiences. They are essential in teaching their children what they have learned, how they should act, think and feel about the modern society. However, some parents are not good role models to their children. As in the case of Cary, whose life will be discussed in the papers’ body, her mother was never a role model. Her mother was full of hatred and brought her up in a manner that she never liked. As such, she vowed to bring her children up in a manner that was completely different from her mothers. However, Cary’s mother case contradicts the claim that mothers are the primary caregivers. Mothers are considered as the primary care givers and consequently being viewed as the most influential to the child’s life. However, recent psychoanalytical studies have shown that fathers have a major role to play in influencing the behaviors and thinking of their children. The parent’s behavior can be explained from their past experiences or prominent figures in the society which they look up to and desire their children to emulate. Young maternal age is usually associated to with harsh and abusive parenting (Smithbattle 521) which can be explained by the fact that most young mothers are mostly poor and at risk of social isolation. They also go through depression and stress making them harsh and abusive parenting. However, these are not usually the only factors affecting the influence that a parent has to his children. Some parents may have prominent figures in the society who they want their children to grow up to emulate and they therefore train them to be like to people. Griffin also brings out the fact that a parent’s control over the family can have an influence on the child’s life (Griffin 302). A child whose parents exercise full control of every aspect at home grows to learn what ask and what not to ask. In exercising so much control in the family, children may not feel good while within the family and when faced by a problem they withdraw to cry alone as seen in Laura’s family (Griffin 307). Apart from the influence one gets from the family, the society plays a great role in influencing a person’s behavior. Moreover, after getting to a certain age, one starts becoming self aware and it is at this time that they start erasing whatever they do not need and developing their desired qualities. The essay on the loss of a creature by Percy tries to expound on the influence of the past knowledge and experiences to the sightseer in their visit to the tourist sites. According to Percy (2), precedent experiences and awareness determines the nature of leisure and enjoyment in any vacation. The prospects of the visit have a role to play in assessing and evaluating the intensity of satisfaction in any tour. Sightsee that satisfies the goal and objective of the vacationer

The media advertising for Conrack Essay Example for Free

The media advertising for Conrack Essay The appropriate media advertising for Conrack is most likely to be the advertisements of a local scale rather than a national scale. I believe that a good place to start is the local newspaper, yellow pages, leaflet and local radio. On the other hand, a business like Eco-Store is most likely to be advertising on an internet website, national newspaper and a specialist magazine or even television. The local newspaper is good for Conrack because many people of the surrounding community are likely to read it and it will therefore reach a vast majority of the target market. One disadvantage of the local newspaper is that the advertisement would be fairly small and will cost in the region of i 51. It could also mean that the advertisement is hidden behind the bigger advertisements of bigger companies. The Local newspaper could also be a disadvantage in that not many people will be interested. Eco-Store on may choose to advertise in the national newspaper rather than local because of its vast stores located throughout the UK. It is an advantage because it means that there is national coverage, readers can refer back to the advertisement and its relatively cheap at i 20,000 for 3 months for a company who turnover i 200 million. There can be also be much detail provided. In contrast to this, there is no movement or sound; the advertisement is usually boring as its limited to only black and white. The yellow pages are a good place to advertise for Conrack as there are different yellow pages for each region of the country. It is also an advantage as many people look at the yellow pages when they want to buy something auspicious such as timber. It is only a one off payment of i 367 for a 4. 5cm box for the whole year. This is well within the budget of Conrack. The marketing strategy for eco-store is to improve the Homely nature. The best way to do this is in the form of pictures. I think this might mean that eco-store could opt for television advertising. Television advertising is an expensive choice but it could prove to show results very quickly. On advantage of Television advertising is the creative advertising can have a big impact on the business. They can demonstrate Eco-Friendly being homely and can reach a vast audience. In contrast to this, its expensive, the message is short lived and many consumers switch channels when there are advertisements as there is now a vast amount of other program choices with the newly digital television. The other option for Conrack could be to advertise on the local radio; in recent years this has been proven to be very effective. It could be advantageous in that it: enables the use of sound, thought provoking messages could be used, produced relatively cheaply. On the other hand, it isnt visual, no copy of material, consumers may forget as there is nothing to refer back to. Eco-friendly may choose the internet as an advertising medium as it has wide coverage, cheap to set up, global, number of hits can be measured. Both companies could incorporate the use of specialist magazines. This will mean there are more effective consumers that are willing to buy the timber. It also means that many people may be interested and could attract local businesses to buy products in bulk. Both businesses could use many types of advertising that could enhance the image of there businesses and no business is limited in using each type of advertising medium. The best type of advertising is one which results are quickly seen. There are many other forms of advertising a business could use depending on the type of people they want to target and number.

Rational Characters Versus Irrational Characters In Candide English Literature Essay

Rational Characters Versus Irrational Characters In Candide English Literature Essay Reason is a mental sense found in an individual that is able to generate conclusions from assumptions or premises. In other words, it is among other things the means the way that rational beings propose specific explanations of cause and effect. Rationality, by definition, is the exercise of reason within an individual being. This is presented in the story through the characters; Candide, Cacambo, the old woman, and the farmer. Irrationality is cognitive thinking, talking or acting without inclusion of reason. This is presented in the story through the characters; Pangloss, Martin, Cunà ©gonde, and the Baron. Candide, the protagonist of the novel, is a good-hearted but hopelessly naÃÆ' ¯ve young man. His mentor, Pangloss, teaches him that their world is the best of all possible worlds. After being banished from his adopted childhood home, Candide travels the world and meets with a wide variety of misfortunes, all the while pursuing security and following Cunà ©gonde, the woman he loves. His faith in Panglosss undiluted optimism is repeatedly tested. Candide is less a realistic character than a conduit for the attitudes and events that surround him. His opinions and actions are determined almost entirely by the influence of outside  factors. It seemed to me at first that Candide was an irrational character, but I felt differently by the time I finished the story. He is the one who suggests that he and his comrades move from the temptations of the city to the quiet easy life on the farm. I thought that the way that he continuously fights for his love, against all odds along with his s olution to all the characters problems made Candide one of the most rational characters of the story. Cacambo becomes Candides bodyguard when he travels in South America. A mixed-race native of the Americas, Cacambo is highly intelligent and morally honest. He is savvy and single-handedly rescues Candide from a number of scrapes. He is also directly responsible for Candides reunion with Cunà ©gonde. As a practical man of action, he stands in direct opposition  to ineffectual philosophers such as Pangloss and Martin. In my opinion, Cacambo is the most rational character of the story. Everything he does throughout the story is rational in helping his friend Candide in his journey of love. He saves Candide over and over, which is a very rational thing to do for a friend. The old woman was born the daughter of a Pope. She has experienced the death of a fiancà ©, rape by pirates, slavery, and cannibalism in wartime. She becomes Cunà ©gondes servant. Her misfortunes have made her cyn ical about human nature, but she does not give in to self-pity. She is wise, practical, and loyal to her mistress. Though she has often been close to suicide, she always finds a reason to live. I think that the old lady falls under the category of rational because of her reactions. She has simply had a tough life, and instead of being depressed or overly optimistic, I believe that she has found a good balance. The farmer has a modest farm outside Constantinople.  Candide and his friends are impressed with his lifestyle of hard work and simple pleasures, and adopt it for themselves. I believe that the farmer is rational because he ignores the sin and temptations of the city to live a simple, hardworking life and earn his own way through life rather than have any real help. Every rational character is contradicted by an equally irrational character. Pangloss is a philosopher and Candides tutor. His optimistic belief that this world is the best of all possible worlds is the primary target of the novels satire. Panglosss own experiences challenge this belief, but he remains faithful to it nonetheless. He is an exaggerated parody of overly optimistic Enlightenment philosophers. Pangloss is irrational in my opinion because he has had so many misfortunes in his life that he has the right to be at least a little bit sad. Yet, he stays way more optimistic than anyone in their right mind should be. I also believe that Pangloss philosophy itself is irrational because nothing in this world is perfect, and his biggest belief seems to be that everything is perfect and happens for a reason. This couldnt be more untrue. Martin is a cynical scholar whom Candide befriends as a travel companion. Martin has suffered a great deal in his life and preaches a philosophy of u ndiluted pessimism. More knowledgeable and intelligent than either Candide or Pangloss, Martin is nonetheless a flawed philosopher. Because he always expects nothing but the worst from the world, he often has trouble seeing the world as it really is. Martin is irrational for exactly the opposite reason of Pangloss. I believe that Martin is irrationally over pessimistic. Everyone has a little pessimism in their life, but it seems as though Martin lives by it. I mean he has the right to be sad about some of the things that have happened to him, but there has been good too that Martin seems unaware of. His pessimistic character is a little bit over the top. Cunà ©gonde is the daughter of a German baron who acts as Candides benefactor until he discovers Candides love for his daughter. Throughout much of the novel, Cunà ©gonde is young and beautiful. After her fathers castle is destroyed in war, a number of exploitative men enslave her or use her as a mistress. Cunà ©gonde returns Can dides love but is willing to betray him for the sake of her own interests. Like him, she is neither intelligent nor complex. Her very blandness casts a satiric light on Candides mad romantic passion for her. She is irrational because she has someone who loves her so much and would do anything to be with her and she doesnt seem like she really cares. There are people who would die to find someone like that. It appears as though she cares more about herself than others or what others are doing for her. I believe that is both irrational and stupid. The baron is Cunà ©gondes brother. After his familys castle is destroyed in wartime, he becomes a Jesuit priest. It is implied numerous times that he has homosexual tendencies. He is arrogant about his familys noble lineage and, though he is fond of the commoner Candide, he refuses to allow Candide to marry Cunà ©gonde. His egotism towards his family and his denial of Candides marriage proposal to his sister is irrational and unnecessary. In conclusion, the story Candide, in my opinion gives the reader a lesson on what reason is through the presentation of rational and irrational characters.

The Problem of Global Warming Essay -- Greenhouse Effect Climate Chan

The Problem of Global Warming Imagine you are placed into the future. The year is 2100. You begin to live in this new world. You hear about huge storms over much of the USA that cause severe damage and flooding. San Francisco, New York City, New Orleans, Seattle, and Miami all experience major flooding from the ocean level having risen so high. Thousands and thousands of people perish each summer across the USA alone—hundreds die in Chicago as the temperature soars to 100 for 2 weeks straight. No, this isn’t total fantasy. These events all could occur. All of them could result from one thing—global warming. Global warming is a huge problem with many consequences that people don’t realize could occur. If we work together, though, we can stop them from happening. In this essay, I’ll tell you about global warming, its causes, and what we can do to help stop it. First, global warming is fairly new--the talk of this problem is fairly recent, and so is the problem itself. For example, according to â€Å"Why Files,† from the University of Wisconsin website, â€Å"the global warming debate first heated up in the late 1980’s.† When you look at the attached graph, from â€Å"Meteorology Today,† you can see that temperatures have simply soared in the past century, especially in the last 25-30 years. Due to dramatic increasing, global warming has become a very large problem as of the last few years. Temperatures have really increased. According to NOAA, the second warmest year on record in the world was 2001. In a â€Å"Why Files† report on global warming, it is said that â€Å"the 10 warmest years in the 150-year history of recorded temperatures have all occurred since 1983.† This means that 10 of the last 21 years have been in the list of the top 10 warmest years since record keeping began. So as you can see, the world is heating up. In the Europe heat wave of 2003, London reaches 100 degrees Fahrenheit for the first time EVER, and in France alone, nearly 30,000 people died. And recently in Antarctica, grass was actually seen! According to the Green Car Congress website, â€Å"scientists have reported that broad areas of grass are now forming turf where there were once ice-sheets and glaciers.† Never before was grass seen there Now, where are all of these s izzling temperatures coming from? In other words, why is the world warming? Global warming is occurring because of the EXPANS... ...son can’t stop global warming—we need to group together as a whole to try to help prevent it. The more people informed about global warming, the better. Now you understand about global warming, tis causes, its harmful effects, and what we can do to help stop it. I encourage you to join me by informing people about global warming, and trying to help put a stop to it. Works Cited â€Å"Heating Season.† The Why Files. Ahrens, Donald C. â€Å"Climate Change.† Meteorology Today. Keith Dodson. Pacific Grove. Brooks/Cole, 2003. 520-544 â€Å"Grass Growing†¦In Antarctica.† Green Car Congress. â€Å"Global Warming-Frequently Asked Questions.† National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. â€Å"Tropical Deforestation-Deforestation and the Global Carbon Cycle.† NASA Earth Observatory. â€Å"Global Warming-Emissions-Individual.† U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. â€Å"Causes of Global Warming.† EcoBridge. â€Å"Global Warming-Potential Effects of Global Warming.† NASA Earth Observatory. â€Å"Consequences of Global Warming.† Natural Resources Defense Council. â€Å"Heat Waves and Climate Change: Fact Sheet.† Harvard Medicine. â€Å"How to Fight Global Warming.† Natural Resources Defense Council.

Myths about the sun and the moon :: essays research papers

Myths about the Sun and Moon The sun and the moon are powerful beings that bring life and death to all living creatures. They control when it is day or night, which season it is, and the weather. They fascinate humans and a considerable amount of mythology has been dedicated to the creation of the sun and moon and why or how they travel across the sky during the day and night. This paper will discuss and compare some of these myths and the gods attributed to their care and existence. The sun and the moon are such influential powers that the creation of them is right along with the creation of the world and humans in some of the better-known mythology. The story of creation in Christian Bible tells of God’s creation of the sun and the moon. On the fourth day â€Å"God made two great lights - the greater to rule the day and the lesser to rule the night... God set them in the dome of sky to give light upon the earth, to rule over the day and over the night, and to separate the light from the darkness.† (Genesis 1.16-18). A similar myth of the creation of the sun and the moon is found in the Qur’an, "It is Allah Who hath created the heavens and the earth and sendeth down rain from the skies... He has made subject to you, the night and the day; the sun and the moon; and the stars in subjection by His command." (Qur’an 14:32-33). These two myths are from monotheist religions in which the sun is just created out of nothing, they describe the creation but they lack explanation as to how and why the sun and the moon where put in the sky and have no detail about the orbits or movement or them. â€Å"The Creation of the Sun and the Moon† by Michelangelo is a large fresco of God creating the sun and the moon. In the foreground he has one hand pointing towards a large yellow ball, the sun, and in the background he is pointing towards a large bluish ball, the moon. He is looking forcefully at the sun in the foreground. This fresco is just one person’s take on the creation of the sun and the moon as the bible explains it. The Egyptian sun god was Re. His name meant sun and he represented strength.

Ralph Lauren Branding

In section of the case study will describe the CUBE (Customer-Based-Brand-Equity) del for Ralph Lauren brands. Second section will evaluate the role of brand association in the company's success. The third section determinate Ralph Laurels brand extension decision to Rugby and the last section will be recommendations for the companies regarding stewardship of their brand in the future. 3 Section 1 1 . 1. Identity of Ralph Lauren brand Brand Salience The Ralph Lauren brand has been mainly victorious in defining a exact niche group of customer's, offering a brand knowledge that is casual yet classic.It has urbanize a whole brand experience encompassing creation, display, retail, customer service and advertising resources. Ralph Lauren has been winning in extending from luxury garments to selling Jeans, bed linen and even labeled paint. The brands are updated and transmitted across cultures; Ralph Laurels marketing with logos is present around the world. The varied products include one of the world's most widely recognized families of consumer brands. For example the Polo brand draws on themes that have been explained as â€Å"country house clout, cottages and castles and Bridgehead Revisited† (Ellwood, 2002).These all advise a shape of product character that is backward-looking and nostalgic. They also propose a form of uppercases lifestyle future to e aspiration. A digit of brand names and logos of Ralph Lauren Corp.. Advises a leisure activity of the upper classes, yet it ass been presented as available to a wider audience. It is seem as more approachable than the typical Seville tailor yet purports to offer similar brand values. One of the strengths of the organization is that the different symbols and logos are all easy to recognize and to recall also it is easy for the customers to match the different sings to the right labels.Thought their brand equity with its brand extension / brand trenching advertising strategy, they amplified awareness and profi tability form offering more than Just one product category (Ralph Lauren – main weapon, 2010). 4 1. 2. Meaning Brand Performance The Primary characteristics of Ralph Lauren brands are reflecting high quality products in all categories to the customers. The organization is offering products for different age, gender and social groups. Ralph Laurel's brand images are reflecting an upper-class society. Every customer can identify it self with the specific brand.Every make is built on individual design and style, and it is appealing o the right target market. The organization is well organized with success in different ways of service also they offering warranty (up to 10 years) for the products. The organizational Is global organelles. Ra VPN Lauren NAS attempted to secure ten legal right to use images of polo players as part of its trade dress, ad prevent to American Polo Club from doing so. The country of origin for Lauren is USA and it is reflected in some brands (RL with the US flag).The products of the organization are available in different sizes, colors, shapes and materials (Ralph Lauren Weapon – online store, 2010). The prices are different for each brand: â€Å"†¦ From the very expensive Purple Collection to the more inexpensive Polo Jeans and RL. Each label provides a full range of products and line extensions† (Seafarer, 2005). Brand imagery The visual representation of Ralph Lauren is an intelligent, people of good social standing physically fit handsome young person with timeless style. Ralph Lauren uses images of the upper-class society, horse riding, sailing, and exclusive hobbies to connote that massage about his clothes via the proximity of the two images† (Ellwood, 2002). Ralph Lauren products appeal to different age groups, starts room teens to retirees (16 to 55 years olds): â€Å"Millennial teens now wear Junior-sized versions of the DENY and Ralph Lauren garb that adults wear†¦ â€Å"(Quart, 2004). Man and women with different material status and income levels are wearing the products all over the world. The brands are present through social events such in sport tournaments.The imagery characteristics comprise a feeling of an exclusive life standard; the brand mediated an attitude of nobility, luxurious, elegance and classic style. The realm of the imaginary, of imagery and meaning is the American Wild West for Ralph Laurels RL brand (Figure 1). The organizations have unique designs; the clients can recognize the Ralph Lauren elements which are reflected in the products (Figure 2). 1. 3. Response 5 Consumer Judgments Ralph Lauren is one of the world's premier brands, generally recognized and associated with diverse designs, luxury and quality.The brand quality is well organized; it is used high-end qualities for their designs, fabrics and products. The strength of the organization is their well prepared service based on: ability of products, customer services, locations, etc†¦ (Ralph Lauren Weapon – about, 2010) The Company is a market leader in the creation, marketing and striation of premium lifestyle products in four categories: apparel, home, accessories and fragrances are not fewer than 10 brand ranges within the Ralph Lauren organization (Annual Report, 2010).Consumer Feeling The brand likeability well structured thought all product areas. The brands; Rugby and Polo reflect a sportive image to the customers and sport is connected with fun. Sport events hosted by the company they are linked with amusing and leisure. The brand stores are constructed on a warm atmosphere with friendly stuff which is important for the general view. The brands of the corporation represent a good feeling to the clients, he different logos and packaging of the goods reflects confidence, warmth, trustiness, self-respect and high quality.Ralph Lauren products mediated a comfortable feeling when clients use or wear the products (Seafarer, 2005). 1 4 Relationship Con sumer – Brand Resonance The brand is successful in transmitting a picture of loyalty to their consumers, on the other side the consumers reacting with the same result, they capturing the image of faithfulness and they groom some kind of relationship to the specific brands. The brand reflects a status of healthiness and upper-class standard, some clients want to show there live-status through the RL rodents.Ralph Laurels customers are general loyal, they trust in the quality, service and the designs. Ralph Lauren website and the RL magazine informs the clients for new products 6 and lifestyles, the company send out quality magazines and catalogues to the registered brand-loyal customers, for information's around the organization (Awoken, 2007). Enthusiasts of the brand have the option to subscribe the e-mail service to get the newest releases and information's all around Ralph Lauren on the weapon to get a direct connection to the brands, and they have also the choice to ion f an clubs such as in face-book, twitter etc†¦The Ralph Lauren organization is uploading important information's about the company for shareholders, press, customers, general viewing, investors and so on†¦ (Ralph Lauren – investor, 2010) Section 2 Ralph Laurels success in brand association can be analyses in different points (Figure 3). The diverse brand logos are reflecting a specific image to the customers. Lauren brands can be allocated in dissimilar price classes, the customers can categorize the prices, styles, and exquisite thought the specific logos.Every label responds to the right target market. Through the imagery of the signs, clients can identify which the sportive and which the elegant products are. Ralph Laurels country of origin is the USA; Laurels cooperation is established in 1968 as Polo's Fashion. The most of the products are reflecting the â€Å"Americans way of life†, RL logo is decorated with the US flag, it is a sign of liberty for the US consumers. Ralph stores are global present; the flagship of the R.Lauren stores is located in Madison Avenue in New York (Vindictiveness, 2010), private organizations are offering their products; Store in stores: Harrows (Harrows, 2010)†¦ The company is offering different rodents on their weapon (Awoken, 2007); RL goods can be found on private websites and retailers as well (my-wardrobe, 2010). The cooperation has the rights of 25 lucrative licensing (Answers, 2010), the company is offering those license in alternative products through co-branding; â€Å"Ralph Lauren has built his fashion, fragrance and home furnishings†¦ (Rotation, 2006) the company is also providing jewelry accessories. (Ralph Lauren – product, 2010) By defining the diverse fashion brands, it can be articulate that they 7 are capturing different lifestyles for the various target market, the brand Polo is eased on traditional style†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Polo, offering styles that were refined, a mix of E nglish classic and traditional American, and conveyed the image of landed gentry to a society that had little use for class† (Answers, 2010) where Rugby can be defined as sportive Ana Purple Aloe Is more elegant Ana exults etc†¦Ra VPN Laurels characters though licensing reflected in the diverse brand logos; such as POLO, the organization owns the licensing rights for the polo player design that means the logo is specially certified for use by the company (Parr, 2007). † Polo shall have the sole eight to determine which trademark shall be used in connection with each particular Licensed Product† (Finland, 2010). Ralph Lauren is the spokesperson for the organization; he is also the â€Å"face† of the brand.He is born in the street of the Bronx, the story of him is like a myth from a storybook; form no one to one of the famous designers in the world. He is present in TV, events, catwalks, fashion-shows & gossip columns (Girding, 2008). Though diverse spons orships are the organization present in events, for example; fashion shows with after parties and charity events â€Å"Foundation o support higher education a ND p roger m s w h I c h p rove did he It h ca ere n m deed IAC I lay- u n d e RSI e r Veda communities† (electrotherapist, 2010).Events for advertising plays a big role for the company, the newest gig is the AD cinema advert (Amassable, 2010). Ralph Lauren is highly distinguished with alternative awards and reviews; CAFE (Council of Fashion Designers of America) for the categories in â€Å"fashion design† and â€Å"best in business† (CAFE, 2010) and they earned an award from the NOR for the best retailer; â€Å"The National Retail Federation has selected US fashion firm Polo Ralph Lauren for its Gold Medal Award in retail. Oust-style, 2009) and so on†¦ The well known companies success is reflected in there brands, awards and products.Section 3 Ralph Laurel's brand extension decision to Rugby is exce llent, because the company is capturing a new field for their brand association. The Rugby brand talks to the younger generations, for the sportive committed target audience also known as the Gene-Y generation; †¦ Young people were not wearing Polo, and in fact the label has taken on hippies for teens and young women in light of fashion's current preppy mood. The young market from what we know buys the knit shirts, but [with Rugby], ere dressing them head-to-toe in shirts, sport coats, evenings.It's affordable and authentic,† the designer said (Lockwood, 2004). The latest objective is to capture the growing college market with a novel vertical trade concept for the brand. Ralph is now one step forward against the competitors, the organization is capturing products for every individual customer. The look of Rugby fashion stand for the college student from an earlier period; â€Å"The Rugby line represents a nostalgic look at the Ivy League experience and the ideals of a c ollegiate setting† (Hancock, 2009).Models with tattoos ND piercing are used for fashion picture-shoots; it is Rugby way to be apparent for the Gene-Y customers. The advertising strategies for the brand are build on a successful way thought; Technological factors such as a mobile device application â€Å"Ralph 8 Lauren launched a mobile app with its Fall 2008 collection and is now selling all kinds of products with this mobile technology' (Blanch, 2009). The phone app: â€Å"Make you own Rugby' is offered to clients for free download, to design their own shirts, choosing shapes, colors and uploading pictures.Every one with the app can create an individual rugby close. It was a victorious way to attract the already exist and new customers (l I ones, 2 I en organizational Is attracting ten consumers Walt n Levers events; new store openings, fashion shows, leisure activities, competitions, parties etc. All information's for events can be filtered out from Rugby weapon (Rugby â⠂¬â€œ Style Blob, 2010). The Rugby Cafe is a place where rugby clients can meet and to become acquainted with each other, it is a space where consumers can order food and drinks in a comfortable atmosphere (Rugby – Our Stores, 2010).Purchase prices for Rugby articles are more reasonable in the market; â€Å"the Rugby store offers a repay lifestyle collection at more affordable price points than Laurel's Blue Label (only available at Ralph Lauren stores) and Black Label and Collection (sold at select department and specialty stores as well as Ralph Lauren stores. ) Rugby will be around 40 percent less expensive than Blue Label in some product categories† (Lockwood ,2004) Rugby by Ralph Lauren is a triumphant way which attracts the younger generation; with the attractive, casual, sportive and leisure oriented, historic based designs and products.My first recommendation for the stewardship of Ralph Lauren cooperation future is, o produce their all products in the USA, bec ause it would be reflect more quality â€Å"made from Americans to Americans† it can be a slogan of advertising for the US market, for every other countries, it can be â€Å"made from Americans for the World†. The second recommendation is to be more different than the competitors, M. Numeric (2007) sad it before: â€Å"Differentiation, the art of standing out from the competition. It can be everything, for example; a space in Ralph Laurels website, where customers can design and buy their own Lauren sweatshirt, NIKKEI is offering this with shoes already to their clients (Nikkei, 2010) The third advice for the organization is to advertise more in the East of the globe (East and Far East). The different brands are already known in the US and Europe but not really in the East countries like; Turkey, Iran, China etc†¦ , only 1 or 2 brands (POLO, Ralph Lauren) are popular there, but what is with the other brands (chaps, purple label†¦ ) they are not really recogn ized and present in those countries.There is a powerful target market for the Ralph Lauren cooperation, with effective advertising strategies, the company can be successful in adding clients for their products, the result can be; more sales, profit, high turnover, customers, reputation and so on. My fourth proposal will be, the advice to work with other famous 9 persons together, it can be; popular designers, celebrities, politicians etc†¦ , the company can make features in the designs with those persons, it can be for example; Ralph Lauren winter collection designed by Marc Jacobs or Beam's graphic design on Lauren shirts†¦Those features can attract more customers to buy Ralph Lauren products and it will be a good social advertising for the organization. The last point of y recommendations will be that the company can produce their products ecological responsive. They can use for the manufacture of Ralph Lauren products environmental friendly materials; colors, fabrics / garments, recyclable goods etc. A big organization like R. Lauren can reduce the carbon emissions significantly and that would be a positive respond from the clients.