Learing Secondary Languages should be supported Research Paper

Learing Secondary Languages should be supported - Research Paper Example Linguistic barriers prove to be the biggest barriers in the way of building up of rapport between employees because they are not able to understand one another. This paper explores some of the potential advantages of the knowledge of second language. Learning second language provides an individual with an opportunity to immigrate to the country / countries whose languages are known by him/her. Learning second language is particularly beneficial for people who are nationals of the poor countries because they do not have as many opportunities as available to people who are nationals of such advanced countries as America, Australia, Canada, and Britain. A lot of people belonging to such underdeveloped countries as India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh tend to migrate to the richer economies in order to have a better standard of living, and many of them become successful in their endeavors. Once migrated, even if they drive a cab or deliver a pizza, they earn much more than what they did in th eir homeland. They do not need very high paying jobs in order to be convinced to migrate. They become satisfied as long as they are earning more than they did in their own country. Luckily, in a vast majority of cases, they do earn more abroad. However, this opportunity can not be availed by an individual unless he/she has sufficient knowledge of the language spoken in the foreign country. In order to move to UK, an individual is supposed to have attained at least the minimum established score of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), which in a vast majority of cases is 5, though it becomes 6 if the purpose of travel is educational. The minimum score varies from criterion to criterion, though it can not be attained unless the individual has tried to learn the second language in the past. These exams are really tough and one is checked on various linguistic abilities. For example, the four modules of IELTS check an individual’s ability in speaking, reading , writing, and listening English. Thus, an individual is considered eligible for travel only if he/she is sufficiently competent in each of the four areas of language. Once an individual manages to cross this barrier through learning second language, the world is open to him/her and he/she can totally change and improve his/her future abroad. Knowledge of second language boosts the brain power of an individual. â€Å"Children in foreign language programs have tended to demonstrate greater cognitive development, creativity, and divergent thinking than monolingual children† (Peckham). According to Moran and Hakuta (cited in Ukrainian Bilingual Programs), students with knowledge of multiple languages are able to achieve more in such academic tests as the cognitive flexibility, creativity and the Provincial Achievement Exams than students who do not have knowledge of the same. Knowledge of second language is fundamental to the attainment of higher education in foreign countries. Schools and colleges in the underdeveloped countries are not as advanced as the ones in developed countries. There is lack of research, and the paraphernalia of laboratory are not sufficient to inculcate sound knowledge of the concepts in the students. As a result of this, many students opt to study abroad, though knowledge of second

Police Moonlight Essay -- Ethical Issus, Conflict of Interest

A global problem Police moonlighting is not just a problem in the United States. Moonlighting is severally restricted or prohibited in Australia, England and Japan. It however is fairly common in one form or another in Canada and the USA (Bayley 1996). Under Russian law, police are permitted to engage in only very limited outside employment. Under the Law of the Militia, permitted occupations are limited to those connected to teaching, research and the arts. One study of officers in Russia found that 49% of the over two thousand surveyed stated that they engaged in some type of outside work in their off hours. Eighteen percent also reported engaging in other work during their on-duty hours. Nearly all officers were engaging in work that is prohibited by the Law of the Militia. Most were working in some form of private security while off-duty. Almost half were working in transportation services off-duty and approximately 30 percent were working in retail/wholesale. Slightly under half reported working as private security during the hours in which they were employed as police officers. Low wages were described as the primary reason for taking additional employment. There was an average 72 percent increase in officer's monthly income as a result of their additional employment (Wilson, et al. 2008). Slovenia forbids police officers from moonlighting in functions that overlap with those of police such as for private security companies or private detectives. Though illegal moonlighting was not observed by Sotlar and MeÃ… ¡ko, they suspect that it is occurring as it does in other countries with similarly restrictive policies (Sotlar & MeÃ… ¡ko 2009). Similarly in Brazil, Police moonlighting is prohibited by law, though it commonly occur... ...and public safety Moonlighting can prove to be a serious threat to officer safety. With fewer resources and increased fatigue, officers may be at greater risk for serious injury. Many officers are killed while moonlighting as private security (AIMS 1991). According to Brazil military statistics, the majority of military police killed in Brazil, were killed while moonlighting (Macaulay 2007). About nine percent of officers killed in the past decade in the USA were killed while off-duty. Though the report does not specify the officer's function beyond their status as off-duty, based upon the reported circumstance of the officer's death, thirty five cases could conceivable have occurred while moonlighting (FBI 2011). A search of the The Officer Down Memorial Page finds 61 deaths over the past few decades that occurred while the officer was moonlighting (ODMP 2011). Police Moonlight Essay -- Ethical Issus, Conflict of Interest A global problem Police moonlighting is not just a problem in the United States. Moonlighting is severally restricted or prohibited in Australia, England and Japan. It however is fairly common in one form or another in Canada and the USA (Bayley 1996). Under Russian law, police are permitted to engage in only very limited outside employment. Under the Law of the Militia, permitted occupations are limited to those connected to teaching, research and the arts. One study of officers in Russia found that 49% of the over two thousand surveyed stated that they engaged in some type of outside work in their off hours. Eighteen percent also reported engaging in other work during their on-duty hours. Nearly all officers were engaging in work that is prohibited by the Law of the Militia. Most were working in some form of private security while off-duty. Almost half were working in transportation services off-duty and approximately 30 percent were working in retail/wholesale. Slightly under half reported working as private security during the hours in which they were employed as police officers. Low wages were described as the primary reason for taking additional employment. There was an average 72 percent increase in officer's monthly income as a result of their additional employment (Wilson, et al. 2008). Slovenia forbids police officers from moonlighting in functions that overlap with those of police such as for private security companies or private detectives. Though illegal moonlighting was not observed by Sotlar and MeÃ… ¡ko, they suspect that it is occurring as it does in other countries with similarly restrictive policies (Sotlar & MeÃ… ¡ko 2009). Similarly in Brazil, Police moonlighting is prohibited by law, though it commonly occur... ...and public safety Moonlighting can prove to be a serious threat to officer safety. With fewer resources and increased fatigue, officers may be at greater risk for serious injury. Many officers are killed while moonlighting as private security (AIMS 1991). According to Brazil military statistics, the majority of military police killed in Brazil, were killed while moonlighting (Macaulay 2007). About nine percent of officers killed in the past decade in the USA were killed while off-duty. Though the report does not specify the officer's function beyond their status as off-duty, based upon the reported circumstance of the officer's death, thirty five cases could conceivable have occurred while moonlighting (FBI 2011). A search of the The Officer Down Memorial Page finds 61 deaths over the past few decades that occurred while the officer was moonlighting (ODMP 2011).

Poverty and Destitution

Defining Poverty Poverty has been defined in many different ways. Some attempt to reduce it to numbers, while others believe that a more vague definition must be used. In the end, a combination of both methods is best. DiNitto and Cummins (2007), in their book â€Å"Social Welfare, Politics and Public Policy,† present six definitions and explanations of poverty. Social reformers Webb and Webb (1911) present another angle on poverty. Essentially, all definitions are correct, the debate is of which to use when creating policy. â€Å"Less than† Poverty DiNitto and Cummings (2007) first present poverty as depravation. They explain that poverty as depravation is an insufficiency in an â€Å"item required to maintain a decent standard of living† such as clothing, food, shelter or medical care. At first glance this definition seems to sum up the general understanding of poverty. However, the issue lies with the â€Å"decent standard of living. † This statement implies that there is an agreed upon standard for a comfortable or decent lifestyle. To be considered in poverty by this definition one would have to live below the invisible standard of decent living. This is the ‘less than enough† definition of poverty and is the most commonly used definition of poverty to date. Second, DiNitto and Cummings (2007) described poverty as inequality. Poverty as inequality refers to the â€Å"inequality in the distribution of income. † This definition is such a vague generalization that practically any person can make a legitimate claim at being impoverished. Any individual can claim that they receive an unequal amount of income and therefore are in relative poverty- having less than someone else and are entitled to more. This is the â€Å"less than that guy† definition of poverty. The last â€Å"less than† poverty definition is poverty as lack of human capitol. This definition, according to DiNitto and Cummings (2007), describes that in a free market productivity is key and those with low productivity are impoverished. If an individual has low productivity because of a lack of skills, knowledge, education or training then they will receive a low amount of reimbursement for their production. This is the â€Å"less skills† definition of poverty. â€Å"That’s just the way it is† Poverty There are three different â€Å"that’s jus the way it is† types of poverty; poverty as culture, poverty as exploitation and poverty as structure. The first, poverty as culture is described by DiNitto and Cummings (2007) as poverty becoming the norm for a subset of individuals. DiNitto and Cummings (2007) explain that it is not just a â€Å"way of life† but also a set of attitudes, lack of self-respect and lack of incentive within the group that perpetuates poverty among them. Poverty as exploitation was sociologists Marx and Weber’s basis for socialism. Poverty as exploitation assumes that the upper and middle classes are exploiting the lower class by using them as cheap labor and paying them insufficient salaries to escape poverty. This definition presents that possibility that poverty does not have to exist, but that through cooperation of the classes poverty can be eradicated. Poverty as structure is described by DiNitto and Cummings (2007) as the continuation of poverty due to â€Å"institutional and structural components. † Institutional discrimination refers to the inequality in opportunity within the institution. DiNitto and Cummings (2007) gives the example that poor school districts are often given less funding and fewer resources for their students. With fewer resources and frequently larger classes, the students in these school districts do not get a full or proper education resulting, ultimately, in the continuation of poverty. â€Å"Destitute† Poverty After all of these definitions and attempts to explain or better understand poverty there is still an essential piece missing. Defining poverty by comparing one individual to another or to a number is not sufficient. There is no agreed upon standard of living and in some definitions anyone could make a reasonable argument that they live in poverty, despite their income or resources. However, there is another definition not mentioned in our text. Berleman (1970) in his article â€Å"Poverty- Some Dilemmas in Definition† quoted early twentieth century social reformers Webb and Webb as they describe poverty. Webb and Webb explain that destitution is â€Å"the condition of being without one or more of the necessities of life, in such a way that health and strength is so impaired as to eventually imperil life itself. This definition provides the most concrete of standards as well as provides a harsh view of what poverty really is. Preventing Destitution The agenda to end poverty is nothing new in American politics. However, with the recent changes in the US economy the war on poverty is raging and politicians are making daring statements and promises. In the 2008 Compass Forum Barack Obama bol dly vowed to halve poverty within 10 years. Later, Republican John McCain declared if he were voted president that the â€Å"eradication of poverty will be top priority of the McCain administration. The interesting thing about these comments is the plan each politician created to support them. Both John McCain and Barack Obama followed in the footsteps of politician John Edwards, supporting the plan that he had once proposed. The plan included a list of actions that needed to be taken to alleviate poverty in the US. However, a the top of the list were only temporary solutions including increasing minimum wage and unemployment insurance, revising the earned income tax credit and child tax credits as well as government funded child care and creating new jobs. In the long run these solutions will not hold. Raising minimum wage and increasing tax credits are a never ending process that may lighten the burden of low income families and workers, giving the illusion temporarily that the plan is working. Still minimum wage and tax credits would have to be increased regularly to keep this illusion from collapsing and landing US poverty rates back in the exact same position. Much lower on the â€Å"to do list† to eradicate poverty were programs that will yield increasingly higher and longer lasting results such as Pell grants, school-to-work programs and vocational rehabilitation for former prisoners and disabled workers. Providing the necessary resources and skills to impoverished individuals with the desire to work will allow them to not only acquire higher paying positions but also provide access to the resources they need to maintain the position. Empowering an individual to rise above poverty by providing resources and skills will have a slower rising, but longer lasting positive result. Increasing minimum wage and tax credits may likely bring those on the edge of the poverty line slightly above it, but what about those who are destitute? How is another $. 0 to $. 40 per hour going to alleviate their destitution? How is a child tax credit going to benefit them when they are not able to feed their child? There are two ends of the poverty spectrum that need our politicians focus; the focus needs to be on increasing the resources for low income families for affordable health care, food stamp programs, school meal programs and temporary assistance for needy families. Then the next step is not a tempo rary tax credit or increase in minimum wage, but support in vocational skills, education and training. Long term decreases in poverty rates will only occur after there is an increase in nutritional support, medical attention, education and training for low-income Americans References Berleman, W. (1970). Poverty–Some Dilemmas in Definition. Growth & Change, 1(4), 27. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Besharov, D. , & Call, D. (2009). Income Transfers Alone Won't Eradicate Poverty. Policy Studies Journal, 37(4), 599-631. DiNitto, D. & Cummings, L. (2007) Social Welfare, Politics and Public Policy. Pearson Education, Boston, MA. P 80-118, 161-197, 250-379.

Corporate Social Responsibility Sony Corporation

Sony Corporation’s is one of the world’s largest corporations. Sony was founded in 1946 with its headquarter in Japan. It produces a variety of products, such as consumer’s devices, gaming, and communication devices. Its invention of the portable tape recorder was the break that the company needed in order to grow and enter other markets. (Corporate Info, 2015). Corporation’s main purpose is to achieve the highest profit and to satisfy the stakeholder involved (Krishnan, 2011). This encapsulated in the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this regard, it is important to examine Sony Corporation in terms of its adaptation and implementation of their social performance. Traditional business models have allowed companies to grow and expand since the focus is on the good of the businesses to the exclusion of everything else. This selfish regard for other stakeholders have taken its toll on people and the environment, hence, the call for greate r responsibility and accountability from corporations, especially those that operate in many parts of the world (Seong-Tae and Lee Sang-Yoon, 2012). In line with this, this essay will examine Sony’s Social performance regarding to the environment, employment and human right issues, and the impact on company stakeholders and society. The stakeholder in this paper will be the shareholder, consumers and the employees in whom they share their business with. In the aspects of environmental issues, Sony Corporation is one ofShow MoreRelatedJapan s Corporate Social Responsibility989 Words   |  4 PagesWhen companies or corporations exceed national lines of the country that their headquarter is in this can be known as going â€Å"global,† and a corporation in this situation can be known as a Multinational corporation. This can complicate the ability to manage, due to the diversity of cultures, geographic locations, and many other circumstances that are inherent with these types of corporations. In this occurrence, it is important to have a global mindset. This mindset is simply the ability to appreciateRead MoreThe examination of Sony Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The examination of Sony: performance, cyber-attack, and social responsibility Nowadays, we are living in the growing society which is supporting by the stem - Science, Technology, Engineering, or Math, as in most things these days (Bloomberg 2013). One of the Japanese multinational conglomerate â€Å"Sony Corporation†, according to their history â€Å"Sony† that is a small group of young people and the unlimited innovative ideas with their passion and energy (Sony History). It also be called â€Å"HeadRead MoreEssay Sony1141 Words   |  5 PagesCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Our companies are known for creating products that enrich peoples lives.   Through Sony Corporation of America and its operating companies, we’re equally dedicated to improving peoples lives.   Our commitment extends to helping local communities, fostering better educational systems, supporting the arts and culture, helping disadvantaged youth, protecting and improving the environment and encouraging employee volunteerism. Our strategic philanthropy and corporateRead MoreMission And Objectives Of Sony1531 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"At Sony, our mission is to be a company that inspires and fulfills your curiosity. Our unlimited passion for technology, content and services, and relentless pursuit of innovation, drives us to deliver ground-breaking new excitement and entertainment in ways that only Sony can. Creating unique new cultures and experiences. Everything we do, is to move you emotionally. Be Moved.† (SONY) In 2011, Sony experienced an extremely large loss in excess of $6 billion. As a result, of this loss, Sony initiatedRead MoreCsr Activities of Sony, Dell and Apple2112 Words   |  9 PagesCSR Activities in Electronic Industry Table of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 2. CSR activities of Sony, Dell and Apple†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 1. Employees†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 2. Environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 3. Consumers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 3. Evaluation on CSR activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 3.1 Employees†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 3.2 Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 3.3 Consumers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 4. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreVideo and Sony1179 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Sony was founded in 1945 by partners Masaru Ibuka, (an engineer), and Akio Morita, (a physicist),and was originally named Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering). The firm was launched in Nihonbashi, Tokyo. Four years later the company developed and produced Japans’ first magnetite-coated, paper-based recording tape, called Soni-Tape. In 1955, the firm began using Sony logo on Totsuko products. The group also launched Japan s first transistor radio, the TR-55, duringRead MoreOrganization And Management : Organization1742 Words   |  7 Pagesto talk to leaders before going ahead with the action of whistle-blow because this way, the staff will think and would want to discuss with the employers about their action. 2. 2.1 Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. is an American entertainment secondary of the Japanese international technology and media corporation Sony. The company is based in Culver City, California which comprises of Sony’s motion picture, television production and distribution units. As of March 2016, the company has supposedlyRead MoreIntroduction. Defining Corporate Social Responsibility1254 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Defining corporate social responsibility or CSR can be as simple as a business that practices benefiting society (Caramela, 2016). Good CSR is one that is constructive to the entire business practices with the community. Sony is a Japanese based electronic store that has ventured to other countries worldwide. They create the newest and latest technology to compete with other competitors and to satisfy their consumer’s curiosity. The company’s mission statement declares, â€Å"To be aRead MoreSony Case Study - Resources, Capabilities and Core Competencies1544 Words   |  7 Pagescapabilities and core competencies? Does Sony have a sustainable competitive advantage? Sony Corporation is considered one of the world’s most successful companies, operating in the â€Å"electronics, games, music, films and financial services† industry (Hanson et al, 2001). Sony is known for creating â€Å"products that stimulate the senses and refresh the spirit† (Sony, 2007). Effectively managing a combination of its resources, capabilities and core competencies, has allowed Sony to create a strong sustainableRead MoreThe History And Evolution Of Sony Pictures1682 Words   |  7 Pages The History and Evolution of Sony Pictures The motion picture industry has endowed us an ample amount of many years of history and excitement throughout America. Without films in today’s social and cultural society, how could we be perceptive to historical events, current situations, or future expectations? Sony Pictures have come a long way to be where they are now. To begin, Sony Pictures was founded in 1918 by two brothers by the name of Harry and Jack Cohn. Harry Cohn was born on the day